Large language models (LLMs) have performed well across various clinical natural language processing tasks, despite not being directly trained on electronic health record (EHR) data. In this work, we examine how popular open-source LLMs learn clinical information from large mined corpora through two crucial but understudied lenses: (1) their interpretation of clinical jargon, a foundational…
OBJECTIVES: To develop the first core Critical Care Data Dictionary (C2D2) with common data elements (CDEs) to characterize critical illness and injuries. DESIGN: Group consensus process using modified Delphi approach. SETTING: Electronic surveys and in-person meetings. SUBJECTS: A multidisciplinary workgroup of clinicians and researchers with expertise in the care of the critically ill and injured….
Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) allows label-free, non-invasive investigation of microvascular dynamics deep within tissue, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in DCS limits its effective cerebral sensitivity in adults, in which the depth to the brain, through the scalp and skull, is substantially larger than in infants.Therefore, we aim to…
Jessilyn Dunn gathers biometric data from smartwatches to study and predict health changes. Read the article
Monitoring disease development in arteries, which supply oxygen and nutrients to the body, is crucial and can be assessed using hemodynamic metrics. Hemodynamic metrics can be calculated via computational fluid dynamic simulation of patient-specific geometries. These simulations are known to be heavily influenced by boundary conditions, such as time-dependent inlet flow. However, the effects of…
Virtual planning tools that provide intuitive user interaction and immediate hemodynamic feedback are crucial for cardiologists to effectively treat coronary artery disease. Current FDA-approved tools for coronary intervention planning require days of preliminary processing and rely on conventional 2D displays for hemodynamic evaluation. Immersion offered by extended reality (XR) has been found to benefit intervention…
In mammalian cells, the cohesin protein complex is believed to translocate along chromatin during interphase to form dynamic loops through a process called active loop extrusion. Chromosome conformation capture and imaging experiments have suggested that chromatin adopts a compact structure with limited interpenetration between chromosomes and between chromosomal sections. We developed a theory demonstrating that…
The active loop extrusion hypothesis proposes that chromatin threads through the cohesin protein complex into progressively larger loops until reaching specific boundary elements. We build upon this hypothesis and develop an analytical theory for active loop extrusion which predicts that loop formation probability is a nonmonotonic function of loop length and describes chromatin contact probabilities….
Parallel agent-based models of the adaptive immune response can efficiently recapitulate emerging spatiotemporal properties of T-cell motility during clonal selection across multiple length and time scales. Here, we present a distributed, three-dimensional (3D) computational model of T-cell priming, and associated parallel data structures and algorithms that enable fully deterministic cell simulations at scale. We demonstrate…